What is the role of tRNA?

• A. It catalyzes DNA replication
• B. It transports specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide during translation
• C. It carries genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm
• D. It forms the ribosome structure

Answer: (B)

In protein synthesis, tRNA acts as the adaptor that brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation. Each tRNA is charged with a specific amino acid by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and its anticodon pairs with the corresponding codon on mRNA, ensuring the amino acid sequence matches the genetic message. At the ribosome, the amino acid is transferred to the forming peptide bond, the tRNA moves on, and a new tRNA can enter to continue elongation, with energy from GTP driving the process. It’s not involved in DNA replication, it doesn’t carry genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm (that’s the role of mRNA), and it doesn’t form the ribosome’s structure (that’s made of rRNA and proteins).